The United Nations Coordination Committee of Special Procedures, which operates under the UN Human Rights Council, has warned of “rising civilian harm in the Gulf and beyond amid recent attacks”.

“We are deeply alarmed by the sustained Iranian strikes across the Gulf and the broader Middle East, where drones and missiles have hit populated areas — including hotels, airports, ports and critical energy infrastructure — causing deaths, injuries and widespread disruption,” a statement from committee chair Surya Deva says.

“The cascading impact on economic, social and cultural rights, particularly for those in vulnerable situations, is already being felt,” it adds. “These attacks have also resulted in damage to civilian infrastructure and disruption to aviation and maritime activities. Beyond the immediate physical harm, they have instilled widespread fear and anxiety among people.”