These are the existing and possible alternative oil and gas export bypasses of the Strait of Hormuz:

Eastwest pipeline (Saudi Arabia): Saudi Arabia’s 1,200-km EastWest pipeline can transport up to 7 million barrels per day (bpd) of crude to the Red Sea port of Yanbu.

Habshan-Fujairah pipeline (UAE): The Abu Dhabi Crude Oil Pipeline (ADCOP) runs from Abu Dhabi’s Habshan onshore fields to Fujairah on the Gulf of Oman, outside Hormuz.

Kirkuk-Ceyhan pipeline (Iraq-Turkiye): Iraq’s main northern export route runs from Kirkuk to Turkiye’s Mediterranean port of Ceyhan via the Kurdistan region.

Goreh-Jask pipeline: Iran may be able to utilise the Jask terminal, fed by the 1 million bpd Goreh-Jask pipeline, to bypass the Strait, the IEA said in its latest oil market report.

Iraq-Oman pipeline: Iraq said last September it was considering a pipeline from Basra to Oman’s port of Duqm on the Gulf of Oman.

Iraq-Jordan pipeline: The proposed 1 million bpd pipeline would ship crude from Basra to Jordan’s Red Sea port of Aqaba, bypassing Hormuz.

Gulf Sea of Oman Canal: A canal bypassing Hormuz — similar to the Suez or Panama Canals — remains purely conceptual.