Pro-Palestinian and pro-Israeli supporters demonstrated outside the politically-charged Europa League soccer match between Aston Villa and Israeli club Maccabi Tel Aviv on Thursday and police made 11 arrests, but the game was played without major disruptions.

The match, which the hosts won 2-0, at Villa Park, Birmingham was held under a massive security operation.

Eleven people, all male, were arrested according to West Midlands Police, the majority for racially aggravated public offences.

Other arrests included a 21-year-old for trying to throw fireworks into the ground. Another was arrested on suspicion of possession with intent to supply drugs, in addition to a 21-year-old for failing to comply with an order to remove a face mask and a 17-year-old for failing to comply with a dispersal order.

Despite fears of violent clashes after the match was classified as “high risk”, the protests remained largely peaceful after police had deployed more than 700 officers in the centre of Birmingham, which has a large Muslim population, and around the stadium.

Around 200 pro-Palestinian demonstrators waved flags, with some chanting anti-Israel slogans.

A smaller pro-Israeli counter-protest of about 40 people carried signs that read “Keep Anti-Semitism Out of Football” and “No Tolerance for Jew Hatred”.

A woman holding up an Israeli flag was led away by police.

Pockets of fans briefly clashed with pro-Palestinian demonstrators shortly before kickoff but were separated by police.

The atmosphere inside the stadium was relatively quiet, with large sections of empty seats.

With Israeli sports teams a focus for pro-Palestinian protests during the Gaza onslaught and Villa initially saying away fans would be barred on police advice, Maccabi reluctantly opted not to accept tickets for visiting supporters.

Police told Sky News on Thursday that they banned Maccabi fans due to “significant levels of hooliganism” in the fan base jeopardising safety around the match — rather than threats to visiting Israelis.

“I’m aware there’s a lot of commentary around the threat to the (Maccabi) fans being the reason for the decision. To be clear, that was not the primary driver. That was a consideration,” West Midlands Police Chief Superintendent Tom Joyce told Sky.

“We have intelligence and information that says that there is a section of Maccabi fans, not all Maccabi fans, but a section who engage in quite significant levels of hooliganism.”

Past violence

Last November, more than 60 people were arrested in Amsterdam after clashes around a match between Maccabi and Ajax.

Police said anti-Israeli gangs on scooters chased and beat Maccabi fans. Five people were treated in hospital.

Video verified by Reuters showed Maccabi fans in the days before the game chanting anti-Arab slogans.

Police said Maccabi supporters burned a Palestinian flag, pulled down another and vandalised a taxi. The mayor later said she would not host Maccabi again.