PAKISTAN must urgently modernise and expand its power grid in order to integrate large-scale renewable energy while maintaining system stability. A new report by the UN’s Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific says the country’s vast solar and wind potential could help it shift away from coal and fossil fuels towards affordable, carbon-free electricity. However, without a strong and reliable grid, Pakistan’s clean energy goals will not materialise, with an outdated transmission system threatening to derail the transition. In its 2025 Review of Climate Ambition in Asia and the Pacific, the ESCAP argues that a successful phase-down of coal will require not only technology and investment but also a “just transition” to prevent disproportionate impacts on workers, businesses and households. For this, clear targets, consistent policies and inclusive decision-making are required.

Large-scale renewables are central to resolving power sector challenges, especially those related to affordability and climate impact. Yet progress has been hampered by policy inconsistency and grid instability, which have prevented the complete transmission of wind power generated in Sindh. This is particularly concerning, given that renewable energy is clean, and solar and wind technologies are cheaper than local coal-based generation. It offers an opportunity Pakistan should not ignore if it wants to mitigate the costs of expensive energy for industries, exports and households. For a country facing intensifying climate pressures and volatile global energy markets, the case for renewables is compelling. But power sector politics and infrastructure are major obstacles. Investors continue to be wary of policy reversals, payment delay and bureaucratic hurdles. Long-term stability, institutional reform and investment in grid resilience can convert our solar and wind potential to dependable power generation. The report situates Pakistan’s experience within the broader Asia-Pacific context. The region has retained its position as a global leader in renewable energy, despite debt and climate stress. If others can, Pakistan can too.

Published in Dawn, November 11th, 2025