SWAT: In a significant development in Pakistan’s archaeological research, fresh excavations at the historic site of Butkara-I here have unearthed new evidence shedding light on the region’s ancient past.

The ongoing excavation, carried out by the Italian Archaeological Mission Swat in collaboration with the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Archaeology Department, is revealing previously unknown structural layers and rare artefacts. These findings offer valuable insights into the cultural and historical evolution of the area, dating back to the Mauryan period and earlier.

The excavation is being led by Dr Elisa Iori, Assistant Professor at the University of Venice and Deputy Director of the Italian Archaeological Mission in Swat. She stated that the discoveries emerged during ongoing fieldwork at the site on Wednesday.

Speaking to the reporters at the excavation site, Dr Iori said that archaeologists uncovered one of the most important Buddhist structures in the monastic area. “We discovered that beneath this structure lies an even older construction, which was completely unknown from previous excavations. This is a very interesting development,” she noted. She further revealed that a silver coin from the Mauryan period was also recovered, adding to the historical significance of the discovery.

Italian expert says findings offer valuable insights into area’s cultural, historical evolution

She explained that most of the artefacts have been found in the residential zone, particularly in a workshop area where excavation began in the previous season. This year, the team succeeded in reaching deeper layers, uncovering remarkable structural remains. Among them is a unique pebble formation that resembles a stupa but is not actually one. “This type of structure is completely unknown in Swat and appears to be extremely ancient,” she added.

Dr Iori stated that the structure is associated with pottery dated back to the 4th or 3rd century BCE. Ongoing excavation aims to determine its original purpose. “We have already established its antiquity, which is in itself very important, along with the study of pottery,” she said.

She further explained that the pottery shows strong similarities with findings from Barikot, allowing researchers to establish a more reliable chronology. “Through this comparison, we can date the material more accurately, and we now have evidence ranging from the Mauryan period to later historical phases,” she added.

Highlighting the scientific methods used at the site, Dr Iori said that flotation techniques are being employed to recover seeds and plant remains. “We want to understand what people used to eat and what their culture was like,” she remarked.

Preliminary findings indicate similarities with Barikot, including the presence of rice and pulses. Grape seeds have also been discovered at Butkara, as previously found at Barikot, although fewer fruit remains have been identified at this site.

Dr Iori noted that archaeobotanical experts are still analysing the material, and a complete picture has yet to emerge. However, current evidence suggests strong parallels between Butkara and Barikot, offering valuable insights into the ancient lifestyle and culture of the Swat Valley.

The ongoing excavation continues to reshape understanding of the region’s rich archaeological heritage, reaffirming its importance as a key centre of ancient civilisation.

Published in Dawn, March 28th, 2026